(Question 1 - 8) : Read the following passage carefully and select the most suitable option
from each list according to the corresponding number in the passage.
1. It has long been proven that meditation can reduce
2. stress but scientific research now shows
3. that it also provides that valuable benefits.
4. Practising meditation can lower blood
5. pressure which subsequently reduces the risk of
6. heart attacks. Meditation can also improve the
7. performance of your immune system, helping you to
8. stay healthy. It also has advantages for
9. students since it can improve the ability to
10 consentrait and deal with life's problems.
1.
In line 1, the word' proven' could best be replaced with
1) sure
2) shown
3) claimed
4) revealed
Solution: (4) revealed
2.
In line 3, the word' valuable' could best be replaced with
1) adequate
2) generous
3) important
4) expensive
Solution: (3) important
3.
In line 4, the word 'practising' could best be replaced with
1) Applying
2) Rehearsing
3) Trying to do
4) Regularly doing
Solution: (4) regularly doing
4.
In line 5, word' subsequently' could best be replaced with
1) also
2) then
3) similarly
4) successively
Solution: (2) then
5.
In line 7, the word' performance' could best be replaced with
1) routine
2) operation
3) achievement
4) presentation
Solution: (2) operation
6.
In line 10, the word' problems' could best be replaced with
1) events
2) efforts
3) obstacles
4) occurrences
Solution: (3) obstacles
7.
Which of the following is the opposite in meaning to the words' helping you to' as they are
used in line 7 above?
1) aiding you in
2) helping you in
3) reducing you from
4) preventing you from
Solution: (4) preventing you from
8.
Which of the following is the correct spelling of the word' consentrait'?
1) concentrait
2) concentrate
3) consentrate
4) consentraite
Solution: (2) concentrate
(Question 9 - 12) : Complete this passage by choosing the most suitable word/phrase from
each list of fit the corresponding gap.
Teenagers from __9__ well-off families are becoming more independent of their parents.
Although it is hard to __10__ the causes of this trend, mobile phones and shopping malls __11__
have given them the ability to choose their friends and activities __12__ parental supervision.
9.
Which of these fits gap 9?
1) mostly in the
2) mostly from the
3) many of the fully
4) many of the more
Solution: (4) many of the more
10. Which of these fits gap 10?
1) link
2) show
3) identify
4) attribute
Solution: (3) identify
11. Which of these fits gap 11?
1) rather
2) perhaps
3) meanwhile
4) furthermore
Solution: (2) perhaps
12. Which of these fits gap 12?
1) despite
2) without
3) involving
4) eliminating
Solution: (2) without
(Question 13 - 16) : Complete this passage by choosing the most suitable word/phrase from
each list of fit the corresponding gap.
The shop where __13__ work had been ransacked. Robberies cause wider problems than just the
loss of property: and, __14__ the shop been forced to close, our lives would have been badly
affected. __15__ because our boss called to reassure us that, __16__, the shop would soon re-
open.
13. Which of these fits gap 13?
1) I and my friend
2) my friend and I
3) me and my friend
4) my friend and me
Solution: (2) my friend and I
14. Which of these fits gap 14?
1) if
2) has
3) had
4) have
Solution: (3) had
15. Which of these fits gap 15?
1) It hadn't
2) It wan't
3) They hadn't
4) They weren't
Solution: (2) It wasn't
16. Which of these fits gap 16?
1) other than repairs
2) after some repairs
3) given the repairing
4) while it is repairing
Solution: (2) after some repairs
(Question 17 - 20) : Complete this passage by choosing the most suitable word/phrase from
each list of fit the corresponding gap.
Fire walking refers to the activity of walking on hot coals, rocks or cinders without burning the
soles of __17_. In some cultures fire walking is part of a religious ritual, while in other it __18__
a confidence-building activity. Walking across hot coals without getting burned does seem
impossible to __19__ people, but in fact there is a scientific explanation for why fire walking is
possible. __20__ fire walking taps into mysterious human capabilities.
17. Which of these fits gap 17?
1) ones foot
2) ones feet
3) one's foot
4) one's feet
Solution: (3) one's foot
18. Which of these fits gap 18?
1) is considered
2) will be considered
3) had been considered
4) would have considered
Solution: (1) is considered
19. Which of these fits gap 19?
1) a few
2) many
3) more
4) several
Solution: (2) many
20. Which of these fits gap 20?
1) Therefore
2) Generally
3) Doubtfully
4) Presumably
Solution: (2) Generally
(Question 21 - 24) : Complete this passage by choosing the most suitable word/phrase from
each list of fit the corresponding gap.
Ice sculpting is an artistic endeavour that uses ice as the raw __21__ for the creation of art
works. Sculptures from ice can __22__ abstract or realistic forms and are __23__ associated with
short term events or festivals __24__ their limited lifespan. Several ice festivals are held around
the world each year.
21. Which of these fits gap 21?
1) form
2) aspect
3) material
4) equipment
Solution: (3) material
22. Which of these fits gap 22?
1) take on
2) take up
3) take off
4) take over
Solution: (2) take up
23. Which of these fits gap 23?
1) coldly
2) generally
3) extensively
4) infrequently
Solution: (2) generally
24. Which of these fits gap 24?
1) due to
2) on behalf of
3) according to
4) for the sake of
Solution: (1) due to
Section - B (Qualitative Reasoning)
25. If the words below were organized according to speed (slowest to faster) which would come
first?
1) skip
2) plod
3) stroll
4) toddle
Solution: Skip: To leap or jump lightly over
Plod: To move or walk heavily or laboriously
Stroll: To go for a leisurely walk
Toddle: To walk with short unsteady steps, as a young one does when learning to walk
So, in ascending order, these words can be arranged as,
Plod < Toddle < Stroll < Skip
Thus, option (2) plod is the correct choice.
26. Consider the relations within this statement:
Bird is to worm as spider is to fly.
Which of the words below completes the following statement?
Writer is to book as painter is to _____________.
1) easel
2) brush
3) colour
4) painting
Solution: Write is developing book.
In the same manner, painter is developing painting.
Thus, option (4) painting is the correct choice.
Praveen needs to decide which bus to catch tomorrow in order to get to his job interview by
11:00 a.m.
27. Which of the following factors is least important in making a decision about this matter?
1) The frequency of bus services.
2) The number of seats on the bus.
3) The amount of time it takes for the bus journey.
4) The amount of buses he will need to catch in order to arrive before 11:00 a.m.
Solution: In order to get to his job interview at the scheduled time, there is less reason to do with
the number of seats on the bus as compared with the other factors given in other options.
In fact, only thing he can get from this factor is to go comfortably.
Thus, option (2) The number of seats on the bus is the correct choice.
Colours are believed to influence how we think, feel and behave. Studies have shown that people
associate certain colours with emotions. When choosing colours, designers consider the impact
they may have on people?s understanding and feelings.
Commonly recognized colour associations include:
Blue - trust, cold, sadness
Green - balance, calm, freshness
Purple - leadership, wisdom, intuition
Yellow - happiness, warmth, fun
Red - heat, energy, appetite
Use the above information to answer the following question:
28. For a hospital interior, the colours chosen would most likely be
1) green and red
2) blue and yellow
3) green and purple
4) purple and yellow
Solution: In hospital, every patient comes for quick recovery. So, they need freshness, calm and
balance for which the colour green is preferred. Also, they require energy, appetite for quick
recovery which is symbolized by the colour-red.
Thus, option (1) green and red is the correct choice.
29. Which of these statements reflects a contrast between two fruits?
1) This apple is as beautiful as a peach.
2) This apple is not dissimilar to a pear.
3) This apple is not as sweet as this orange.
4) This apple is grown on a tree, like a plum.
Solution: The sweetness of apple and orange are not comparable.
Thus, option (3) This apple is not as sweet as this orange is the correct choice.
30. Idioms are saying that convey more than a surface or literal meaning.
Select the correct, deeper meaning for the following idiom.
'We're all in the same boat'.
1) People who share a common interest.
2) When everyone is sitting in the same boat.
3) When everyone is facing the same problem.
4) A group of people with tickets for the same cruise.
Solution: We?re all in the same boat.
Here, all share a common platform, but in the trouble situation.
Thus, option (3) When everyone is facing the same problem is the correct choice.
(Question 31 - 36): Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow:
Two friends, Bina and Amita, always walked home from school together past and exclusive
restaurant, often visited by foreign tourists.
One day, just as they were walking past the restaurant, a well-dressed women tourist bustled out
of the main entrance. She made for a taxi waiting at the curb, and in the haste, three Rs 1,000
notes fluttered from her handbag to the footpath beside Amita?s feet. Amita bent to pick up the
notes to return them to the women, but before she could do that, Bina stepped on the notes,
hiding them from view. Before Amita could react, the women scrambled into the taxi which
accelerated away into the traffic.
Amita quickly turned to face Bina who had deftly scooped up the money and stuffed it into the
top of her school shirt. "What are you doing?" She raged. "The money dosen?s belong to you"
"It does now," smirked Bina, "finder keepers. This will help my family pay some bills and we?ll
still have enough left over to buy ourselves a treat!" Amita was shocked at this. "But it?s not
your money. You?ve stolen it I?m not having anything to do with it or you ever again!" And with
that, Amita turned on her heels and stormed away, leaving her friend with a puzzled look on her
face.
31. This text could best be described as
1) a puzzle
2) a debate
3) a dilemma
4) a discussion
Solution: The text could best be described as a debate as it involves formal discussion or
argument.
Thus, option (2) a debate is the correct choice.
32. Which word best described the girl?s relationship at the beginning?
1) kind
2) wary
3) cautions
4) amicable
Solution: The girls?s relationship at the beginning was kind. This is given by the fact that they
always walked home from school together.
Thus, option (1) kind is the correct choice.
33. Which of the following, from the second paragraph, indicates that the women may have
been wealthy?
1) tourist
2) handbag
3) restaurant
4) well-dressed
Solution: The word „restaurant? indicates that the woman may have been wealthy, because the
restaurant was the exclusive one.
Thus, option (3) restaurant is the correct choice.
34. Which one of the following actions, described in paragraph 2 and 3, was inappropriate?
1) hiding them from view
2) Bina stepped in the notes
3) deftly scooped up the money
4) Amita bent to pick up the notes
Solution: The option (3) deftly scooped up the money is the correct choice.
35. To resolve the situation without damaging the girls? friendship, instead of walking away,
Amita could have
1) chased the taxi.
2) shouted for help.
3) asked the police to talk to Bina.
4) discussed the situations with Bina.
Solution: To resolve the situation without damaging the girls? friendship, instead of walking
away, Amita could have discussed the situation with Bina.
Other options may hamper their friendship.
Thus, option (3) discussed the situation with Bina is the correct choice.
36. Which of the possible ending for this passage shows the girls acting appropriately?
1) The next day, Bina offered to share the money with Amita.
2) Later that, day Amita visited Bina and demanded that she share the money with her.
3) An hour later, Bina changed her mind and asked Amita to help her return the money.
4) Eventually, the two friends forgot about the incident and became best friends again.
Solution: The possible ending for the passage that shows the girls acting appropriately is "an
hour later Bina changed her mind and asked Amita to help her return the money"
This is because, they are good friends.
Thus, option (3) an hour later Bina changed her mind and asked Amita to help her return
the money is the correct choice.
(Questions 37 - 42) : Read the following passage and answer the question that follow:
Way back in 1870, when the technology to print coloured pictures was developed, tobacco
companies began using it to promote their cigarettes.
Famous people, including athletes and movie stars, were pictured on cards that were included in
each cigarette packet.
For years, cigarettes were advertised in magazines, newspapers and cinemas, these
advertisements used many strategies to promote positive attitude towards smoking. Doctors,
dentists, famous people and healthy looking teenager having fun with friends were shown in
cigarette advertisements. There wasn?t a dirty ashtray in sight!
It isn?t a surprise, therefore, that addiction to cigarettes among teenagers and adults increased
greatly. Not only did addiction increase, but smoking-related deaths also increased. International
groups claim that tobacco is a legal consumer product that kills. This makes it a perplexing
product. Recently, some countries introduced laws to force cigarette makers to place warning
against smoking on every packet of cigarette. The warning show some of the consequences of
smoking, such as diseased lungs and mouth cancers, but many people continue to smoke.
37. The main purpose of this article is to
1) convince readers not to smoke.
2) advertise to teenagers and smokers.
3) highlight warning that have been introduced.
4) draw attention to certain advertising techniques.
Solution: The main purpose of the article is to draw attention to certain advertising techniques.
Thus, option (4) draw attention to certain advertising techniques is the correct choice.
38. Some advertisements for cigarettes show healthy looking teenagers having fun with friends.
What is the main message this presents?
1) Smoking is a dirty habit.
2) Popular teenagers smoke.
3) It costs money to buy cigarettes.
4) Smoking promotes positive attitudes.
Solution: Some advertisements for show healthy looking teenagers having fun with friends.
The main message presented by this advertisement is "smoking promotes positive attitudes"
Thus, option (4) smoking promotes positive attitudes is the correct choice.
39. Advertisement showing doctors and dentists smoking cigarettes and designed to suggest that
1) cigarettes are related to illness.
2) smokers are successful and rich.
3) smokers are healthy and attractive.
4) cigarettes are not harmful to one?s health.
Solution: Advertisements showing doctors and dentists smoking cigarettes are designed to
suggest that smokers are successful and rich.
This is because doctors and dentists are regarded as successful persons in all society. Also, most
of them are rich.
Thus, option (2) smokers are successful and rich is the correct choice.
40. Which of the following statements shows a relationship of cause and effect?
1) addiction and smoking related deaths
2) teenagers and having fun with friends
3) warning and diseased lungs and mouth cancers
4) advertising and magazines, newspapers and cinemas
Solution: The statement "addiction and smoking related deaths" shows a relationship of cause
and effect.
Here, smoking related deaths are the effect of addiction
Thus, option (1) addiction and smoking related deaths is the correct choice.
41. What is the meaning of the word „perplexing? as used in this context in paragraph 5?
1) popular
2) puzzling
3) confronting
4) life threatening
Solution: Perplexing means puzzling.
Thus, option (2) puzzling is the correct choice.
42. Which of the following advertising strategies is aimed at reducing smoking?
1) using visual warnings
2) using international groups
3) showing healthy looking people
4) showing athletes and move stars
Solution: The advertising strategy using visual warnings is aimed at reducing smoking.
Thus, option (1) using visual warnings is the correct choice.
Section - C (Quantitative Reasoning)
43. Kavi fires three arrows. Each one hits a scoring ring. Which one of the following total is not
possible?
1) 17
2) 18
3) 21
4) 22
Solution: Option (1) is possible, if two arrows hit four and one arrow hit 9.
Option (2) is not possible as there are three arrows and getting a sum of 18 is not possible with
any combination of 9, 4 and 3.
Option (3) is possible, if two arrows hit 9 and one arrow hit 3.
Option (4) is possible, if two arrows hit 9 and one arrow hit 4.
Hence, option (2) is the correct choice.
44. A parcel weighing 12 kg, it to be send from New Delhi to Mumbai, a distance of 1450 km.
The Parcel Postage Rates are shown in the following table.
Indian Parcel Postage Rates
For every
Distance Category
Local
Upto 500 km
501 - 1000 km
1001 - 2000 km
More than 2000 km
Rate up to 2 kg
INR
35
50
60
70
90
additional kg over
2 kg
INR
5
8
12
25
35
44. How much will it cost to send the parcel?
1) 85 INR
2) 95 INR
3) 320 INR
4) 840 INR
Solution: Weight of the parcel sent from New Delhi to Mumbai = 12 kg
Distance between New Delhi and Mumbai = 1450 km
This distance lies in the distance category 1001-2000 km. So, the cost to send 12 kg parcel would
be the cost of sending a 2 kg parcel at Rs 70 plus the cost for every additional kg over 2 kg i.e. at
Rs 25 /kg.
Thus, cost of sending the parcel = Rs 70 + (12 - 2) kg × Rs 25/kg = Rs 70 + Rs 10 × 25 = Rs 320
Hence, option (3) is the correct choice.
Gajra's positions on her farm is shown by the dot on this diagram.
45. When Gajra walks in the direction N 54° W, she will be heading towards the
1) dam
2) pump
3) stable
4) hay shed
Solution: Given that Gajra walks in the direction N 54 degrees W. This means that Gajra moves
54 degrees from north towards the west.
From the graph, it is clear that Gajra would be heading in the direction of Stable.
Hence, option (3) is the correct choice.
th
For her parent's 50 wedding anniversary celebration Malina decides to buy 50 ballons. Her
supplier only sells balloons in bunches of 12 for Rs 250 and 7 for Rs 175. Malina buys exactly
50 balloons.
46. What is the total price she pays?
1) Rs 1,042
2) Rs 1,100
3) Rs 1,175
4) Rs 1,225
Solution: Cost of balloons in bunches of 12 = Rs 250
Cost of the balloons in bunches of 7 = Rs 175
Number of balloons bought by Malina is 50. Since the seller sells balloons in bunches of 12 and
7, so Malina need to buy 3 bunches of 12 balloons and 2 bunches of 7 balloons.
Thus, total price paid by her = 3 × Cost of bunch of 12 balloons + 2 × Cost of bunch of 7
balloons
= 3 × Rs 250 + 2 × Rs 175
= Rs 750 + Rs 350
= Rs 1,100
Hence, option (2) is the correct choice.
47. Bahdrak has a standard pack of 52 playing cards. He removes the king of clubs, the four of
spades and all the aces. He then draws a card at random.
Which of the following is it most likely to be?
1) a club
2) a king
3) a spade
4) a diamond
Solution: Given that from a standard pack of 52 cards, Bahdrak removes the king of clubs, the
four of spades, and all the aces.
Number of cards that remain in the pack = 52 - 1 - 1 - 4 = 46.
Out of the remaining 46 cards, there are 13 - 2 = 11 clubs, 4 - 1 = 3 kings, 13 - 2 = 11 spades,
and 13 - 1 = 12 diamonds.
Therefore, out of the options given, the probability that a randomly picked card is a diamond will
be the largest.
Hence, option (4) is the correct choice.
48. At Shavi's school the first class stares at 8:30 a.m. and the fourth class ends at 11:30 a.m.
There are four minutes between classes. Each class is the same length.
How long is each class?
1) 41 minutes
2) 42 minutes
3) 71 minutes
4) 72 minutes
Solution: There are four classes at Shavi's school.
This means that there will be three intervals of 4 minutes each. So, a total of 12 minutes of break
between the classes.
Let the length (in minutes) of each class be m.
Therefore, 4m + 12(break) = 3 hours = 180 minutes.
Therefore, m = (180 - 12)/4 = 42 minutes.
Hence, option (2) is the correct choice.
49. Indian electricity prices have risen from Rs 6.4 to Rs 6.5 per unit. Arvi's factory expected to
use 600 units in the next billing period. He installed solar panels at the start of that period.
This reduced his electricity usage by 90%.
How much did Arvi's bill increase?
1) Rs 6
2) Rs 38
3) Rs 39
4) Rs 54
Solution: Number of units of electricity used in the factory = 600
Number of units of electricity used after installing solar panels = 600 - 90% of 600 = 60
Increase in the cost of one unit electricity = Rs 6.5 - Rs 6.4 = Rs 0.1
? Increase in Arvi's bill = Rs 0.1 × 60 = Rs 6
Hence, option (1) is the correct choice.
50. Daha sketched points on the graph to represents his height and weight and those of his
sisters Farha, Madhu and Padmal. The graph follows:
Daha is taller than Farha, but shorter than Madhu. Madhu has the same weight as Padmal.
Which of the points on the graph represents Daha?
1) A
2) B
3) C
4) D
Solution: Given that Daha is taller than Farha, but shorter than Madhu.
Therefore, from the graph Daha could be denoted by either point B or point D. Farha is
represented by point A and Madhu is represented by point C.
Given that Madhu has the same weight as Padmal.
Also, from the graph weights of sisters represented by points D and C are the same. We know
that Madhu is represented by point C. Therefore, Padmal is represented by point B.
This means that Daha is represented by point D.
Hence, option (4) is the correct choice.
51) Six students participated in a 400-metre race.
• Ram finished after Amar and after 2 other students.
• Amar finished after Sameer.
• Firoz finished before Sameer.
• Vinod finished before Hari.
Who came fifth?
1) Ram
2) Amar
3) Firoz
4) Vinod
Solution: Given that Ram finished after Amar and after two other students.
Amar finished after Sameer, therefore, Ram finished after Sameer.
Firoz finished before Sameer, therefore Firoz finished before Amar and Ram as well.
Given that Vinod finished before Hari.
Therefore, the order in which six students finished, is Firoz, Sameer, Amar, Ram, Vinod and
Hari,
Therefore, Vinod came fifth.
Hence, option (4) is the correct choice.
52. The graph below shows the number of books read by 39 students during the school holidays.
Ali and Ram read more books than the other students in the class. Hari read more than 1
book. Sameer read twice as many books as Hari.
Which statements is correct?
1) Sameer read 2 books and Hari read 1 book.
2) Sameer read 3 books and Ali read 5 books.
3) Hari read 2 books and Ram read 6 books.
4) Hari read 4 books and Ali read 6 books.
Solution: Given that Ali and Ram read more books than the other students in the class.
It is given in the bar-graph that maximum number of books ready by any student is 6, and two
students read 6 books each. Therefore, Ali and Ram read 6 books each.
Given that Hari read more than 1 book and Sameer read twice as many books as Hari. This is
only possible, if Hari read 2 books and Sameer read 4 books.
Please note that Hari cannot read 3 books as then Sameer would read 6 books. This is not
possible as there are only two students - Ali and Ram who have read 6 books each.
Hence, option (3) is the correct choice.
(Question 53 - 56) : Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow:
Everything on this planet is made up of atoms. Each atom contains a positively charged centre,
or nucleus, which is surrounded by negatively charged electrons. For most objects, the number of
positive charges is equal to the number of negative charges and because they cancel each other
out, the object ends up with no overall electric charge. However, it is possible for objects to gain
an overall negative or positive charge.
When objects made of different materials are rubbed together, electrons may jump from one
object to the other. Objects become positively charged if they lose electrons and negatively
charged if they gain electrons. You can predict which way the charges will jump by referring to a
triboelectric chart such as the one shown here.
Human skin
Leather
Rabbit's fur
Glass
Human hair
Nylon
Wool
Cat's fur
Silk
Cotton
Perspex
Acrylic
Polystyrene
Rubber balloon
Polyester
Plastic wrap
Ebonite
This list of common materials is arranged in order of how likely they are to lose electrons. In
general, when two materials are rubbed together, the material that is higher on the list will lose
electrons to the materials listed below it. For example, if a perspex rod is rubbed with a piece of
wool, the wool will lose electrons to the perspex so the wool will end up with an overall positive
charge and the perspex will end up negatively charged. The further apart the materials are on the
list, the more easily the electrons are transferred between them (which means that you don't have
to rub them together very long to get them to charge up). If you were to rub glass with rabbit's
fur, far fewer electrons will move to the glass than if you were to rub the rabbit fur on something
like ebonite.
53. Which of the following objects has an overall negative charge?
1) A
2) B
3) C
4) D
Solution: Since there are 4 negative charge and 3 positive charge in B, thus the overall charge on
B is negative (-1).
Hence, option (2) is the correct choice.
54. Cotton will gain most electrons when it is rubbed for one minutes against
1) silk
2) acrylic
3) perspex
4) cat's fur
Solution: Since acrylic and Perspex lies below cotton in the list, thus cotton loses electron when
rubbed to them. As cat's fur lies above the silk in the list thus it loses more electrons to cotton
when rubbed with the cotton. Thus cotton will gain most electrons when it is rubbed for one
minute against cat's fur.
Hence, option (4) is the correct choice.
Objects that have opposite electric charges move towards each other while objects that have the
same electric charge push each other away.
A charged objects and uncharged object will move towards each other.
The diagram below show that what happens when different balloons are hung on strings near
each other or near a charged object.
55. What are the overall charges on the balloons?
1)
2)
3)
4)
S. No
1)
2)
3)
4)
A
Positive
No charge
Negative
Negative
B
Positive
No charge
Positive
No charge
C
No charge
Negative
No charge
Positive
Solution: Since B is repelled by positive charge, thus it carries the same charge, i.e., positive
charge. As B attracts A which means A carry opposite charge of B i.e., negative charge. Since C
is attracted by both A and B which means it is attracted due to induction of charge in it so, it is
neutral i.e., it does not carry any charge.
Hence, option (3) is the correct choice.
56. Which of these four materials, when rubbed against each of the other three, will become
positively charge each time?
1) perspex
2) polyester
3) polystyrene
4) plastic wrap
Solution: As perspex lies above all the other three options in the triboelectric chart, so, it loses
electrons when rubbed with any of the three materials thus acquires positive charge each time.
Hence, option (1) is the correct choice.
(Question 57 - 60) : Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow:
Lenses are objects made to transparent material such as glass or clear plastic that has curved
surface. There are two main kinds of lenses. Diverging lenses are thicker at their edges than in
their centers and they make light rays passing through them spread out. Converging lenses are
thicker in the middle than at their edges and were the earliest kind of lens made. The earliest
examples of these date back two thousand years. They have been used in spectacles to help
people with poor vision see better since at least the tenth century.
These days, as well as being used in spectacles, converging lenses are used in many other
devices. Magnifying glasses, microscopes and some types of telescopes use converting lenses to
make small things appear much larger or to make distant objects appear much closer.
Converging lenses magnify by bending the rays of light that pass through them to meet at point.
This point is called the focus. The thicker that a converging lens is in its centre, the more it
magnifies and the closer the focus is to the lens.
The magnifying power of a single converging lens such as that use in a camera or magnifying
glass is equal to the length of the enlarge image divided by the length of the original object. For
example, if a 2 cm long beetle appears to be 6 cm long when viewed through a magnifying glass,
the glass' magnifying power is 3 (written as "3x"). Similarly, a 10x lens would make an object
look 10 times longer. It will also look 10 times wider.
The diagram below shows the sizes of objects that can be observed effectively using the human
eye, a light microscope and an electron microscope.
57. Which of the following diagram show side view of converging lenses?
1) A and C
2) B and D
3) B and C
4) B, C and D
Solution: Converging lens are thicker in the middle than at their edges. Since lens B and D are
thicker in the middle than at the edges.
Hence, option (2) is the correct choice.
58. When seen through a 5x magnifying glass, a small leaf appear to have an area of 25 mm
What is the actual area of the leaf?
1) 1 mm
2) 5 mm
2
2
2)
3) 20 mm
2
4) 125 mm
2
Solution: Since, magnifying power = length of image/length of object
Let y be the length of the leaf.
Since area of the image = 25 mm
2
Hence length of the image = 5 mm
5 = 5/y
y = 1 mm.
Hence area of the object = 1×1 = 1 mm
Hence, option (1) is the correct choice.
2
The human eye contains a lens that allows light rays entering the pupil to be focused on the
retina which is located at the back of the eye.
The lens is surrounded by muscles that can change the thickness of the lens. One of the diagrams
below correctly shows the way light rays are focused when the thickness of the lens is changed.
59. Which is the correct diagram?
Solution: With the increase in the thickness of the lens the focus comes closer to the lens, thus in
option 3 the lens is thicker so the focus is closer to the lens.
Hence, option (3) is the correct choice.
60. If the smallest of the viruses appears to have a diameter of 2 mm when observed through an
electron microscope, the microscope's magnification power is
1) 20x
2) 200x
3) 20 000 x
4) 200 000x
Solution: Since, magnifying power = size of image/size of object
Magnification power = (2 mm)/ (10 nm) = (2 × 10 )/ (10×10 ) = 2×10 = 200000x
Hence, option (4) is the correct choice.
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